Type 1 Diabetes

Health Risks Associated with Type 1 Diabetes (an Autoimmune Disease!)

If you have recently been diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, you may have been shocked when the doctor began to explain that carbohydrates are not the enemy. We have an epidemic of type 2 diabetes that stresses limiting carbs. While several similarities exist between the two types, the causes, treatment, and symptoms can be different for someone with type 1 diabetes.

Medical risks and long-term complications for someone living with type 1 diabetes can severely reduce quality of life and even be life threatening. Monitoring your diabetes and adhering to a treatment plan is critical to limiting long-term damage that can occur over the years.

Health Risks Associated with Type 1 Diabetes

  • Kidney Failure
  • Edema
  • Diabetic Nephropathy (a chronic disease affecting the kidneys)
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis (a life threatening emergency from high ketones in the blood)
  • Stroke
  • Heart Disease
  • Diabetic Retinopathy (damage to the retina of the eyes causing loss of vision and blindness)
  • Glaucoma
  • Blood Vessel Blockages Due To Cholesterol Plaques (Requiring Angioplasty/Stent Placement, Amputations, Or Bypass Operations)
  • Diabetic Neuropathy (nerve damage)

Common Symptoms Of Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Frequent Urination
  • Excessive Thirst
  • Excessive Hunger
  • Extreme Fatigue
  • Blurry Vision
  • Slow Healing Wounds
  • Unexplained Weight Loss

The Differences Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes is often referred to as juvenile diabetes due to the early age of onset for the majority of people diagnosed with it. It can, however, begin at any age. Type 1 Diabetes is an autoimmune disease that causes your body to attack the pancreas. The pancreas is the gland responsible for the production of insulin. The pancreas begins to atrophy and produces little to no insulin. A person with type 1 diabetes is insulin-dependent, meaning they require insulin injections to help move glucose into the cells. Body type tends to be slim.

Type 2 Diabetes is very different from type 1 diabetes. With the rise in obesity and the decline in active lifestyles, type 2 diabetes has led to millions of new cases every year. Until recently, it was rarely seen in children, and it tended to occur more commonly in people over the age of 45. As it grows to epidemic proportions, young children and teens afflicted rises at alarming rates. In America, 90 – 95% of the cases of diabetes are type 2, where your body develops insulin resistance. In order to get the blood sugar into the cells, it requires more insulin. It is managed through a balanced diet, an active lifestyle and insulin.

Autoantibodies Associated with Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is often overlooked as an autoimmune condition. But with its autoimmunity status, it carries early biomarkers that help make it more preventable. I discuss in detail how you can prevent, arrest and reverse autoimmune conditions in my book The Autoimmune Fix.

As type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition, the mechanism follows a predictable pattern. You start with a genetic predisposition, carrying the genetic codes from birth within your DNA. Then, you introduce environmental triggers, such as infections, antibiotics, and toxic burden. A cascade of events begin to occur. You eventually see a shift in your gut health from supportive to dysbiosis (an imbalance of healthy gut bacteria) which leads to intestinal permeability (leaky gut), which then sends inflammation throughout the body via the bloodstream. This triggers an autoimmune response such as islet cell autoantibodies. These target islet cells which include the Beta cells that produce insulin in your pancreas. This activates T-cells to destroy the Beta cells, making it progressively more difficult to produce insulin.

Several type 1 diabetes autoantibodies have been identified. These are antibodies that are attacking your own proteins, such as the islet autoantibodies. Others have also been identified, including those that target insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatase, and the zinc transporter protein.

Testing for these autoantibodies prior to diagnosis may help prevent or delay the onset of type 1 diabetes. The Type 1 Diabetes Self Care Manual written by Doctor’s Jamie Wood and Anne Peters reported that “in a recent study, 98% of people with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes tested positive for at least one of these autoantibodies.”

They further state, “Studies suggest that people without diabetes who test positive for two or more type 1 diabetes autoantibodies have between a 27% and 80% risk of developing the disease over 5 years. For those with only a single autoantibody, the risk drops to 5%.”

The Rise of Blood Sugar

As your body consumes food without the necessary insulin to get the blood sugar into the cells where they can be utilized, your blood sugar levels rise.
Your glucose levels change throughout the day. When you haven’t eaten for a long time, it drops. If it drops quickly or too low, you may feel faint or dizzy. This is your body’s alert system warns you that it needs food now.

When you eat, your blood sugar begins to rise. Insulin is produced to help transport that blood glucose into the cells where the glucose can be utilized.

Depending on the food or drink consumed, this can be a quick bolt to the system if the food has a high glycemic index, or it can be a slow and steady gradual rise if the food has a low glycemic index. Foods with high glycemic index notoriously give you that sugar crash. You eat, and 20 minutes later you feel tired.

As the blood sugar is received into the cells over time, the glucose levels in your blood go back down.

The Delivery of Blood Sugar

Imagine you are on a loading dock unloading a truck filled with boxes. As you unload those boxes (glucose), you place the boxes one by one onto a conveyor belt (your bloodstream). The amount on the conveyor belt rises. A person (insulin) then moves the boxes from the conveyor belt to where they will be stored (the cells). The more boxes there are, the more people will be needed to move them.

Now imagine you have a slow and steady pace. You aren’t in a hurry. You have all day to unload the truck. The items are light and easily moved, and there are plenty of people to help. This is what it is like inside your body when you are having foods with a low glycemic index. They are absorbed slowly over time. There is no sudden surge of blood sugar, so the levels slowly and gradually rise very little.

Now imagine it is the holiday season, and someone calls off work. You have a lot of boxes and not enough people. Everyone is working overtime to get the job done. This is a little like high glycemic foods in the body. While necessary for life, insulin is highly inflammatory. Your pancreas is pumping out the insulin causing a lot of stress on your body. So you work hard — then crash.

For someone with type 2 diabetes, those low glycemic foods are critical to managing their diabetes through proper diet. However, for someone with type 1 diabetes, those high glycemic foods can at times be life saving.

Who said you don’t use math when you get older? Tell that to a diabetic!

For type 1 diabetes, an endocrinologist works with you to determine which insulins are best to keep your blood sugar numbers within the ideal ranges. After some initial experimenting, the dosing is determined. There are four different types of insulin.

  1. Long Acting – This type works throughout the day and night (approximately 24 hours) working to maintain a low blood sugar.
  2. Intermediate-acting insulin (NPH insulin) – This type of insulin is often used in conjunction with a short acting insulin. Depending on the insulin, it can take up to 4 hours to work fully. It peaks anywhere from 4 to 12 hours, and its effects can last for up to 18 hours
  3. Regular or short-acting insulin – This type is usually taken prior to meals as it takes about 30 minutes to work. It lasts about 3 to 6 hours in the system.
  4. Rapid-acting insulin – This is the fastest acting insulin. It is generally taken right around the time you are ready to eat in order to keep blood sugar numbers from rising. It also works for the shortest period of time, lasting only about 2 to 3 hours.

Here’s where the math comes in…

You have a basal dose and a bolus dose. A basal dose refers to a low, continuous dosage of insulin. This dose gives you a baseline amount needed to sustain throughout the day.

When you eat, you need to supplement that dosage with a bolus dosage. This is the injection you give yourself in order to raise the level of insulin in your blood to meet the demands of the incoming food.

Every time you eat, you need to adjust for the amount of carbs that you calculate will be in the meal. Let’s say that for every 15 grams of carbohydrates, you need to bolus one unit. You estimate that the meal you are about the eat has 45 carbohydrates. You enter the number of carbohydrates and divide it by the number of carbohydrates per unit. (In this case 1:15.)

45 carbs ÷ 15 carbs/unit = 3 units

So before you would eat your meal, you would bolus 3 units in order to account for the carbohydrates you will be eating.

However, if your basal dose is set too high, you would need to adjust the bolus amount lower. This is why I say there is a little experimentation initially. You want to find the right basal amount that doesn’t make you overcorrect. You want your numbers steady, not up and down.

If you bolus too much, your blood sugar levels will drop too much. If you have too high a basal dose, your blood sugar levels will be dropping throughout the day.

Conversely, if you underestimate the amount of carbohydrates and bolus too little, or your basal dose is set too low, your blood sugar levels will rise too high.

Routine Testing for Someone with Type 1 Diabetes

A simple finger prick test can gauge whether your numbers are falling within the desired range on a day-to-day basis. A blood test for your A1C level gives a bigger picture of how well you are consistently doing.

A normal A1C level is 5.6 percent or below. A level of 5.7 to 6.4 percent indicates pre-diabetes. People diagnosed with diabetes have an A1C level of 6.5 percent or above.

An endocrinologist will work with you to help you set appropriate health goals, such as set a target A1C and determine the appropriate dosing for you. A diabetes educator or a nutritionist can assist you in learning the basics in nutrition to help you make those calculations.

Should you avoid carbs? Absolutely not. You need them. Just choose healthy carbs.

What About Gluten?

There is a close association between type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Among one of the most frequently associated autoimmune disorders with celiac is type 1 diabetes.

The presence of celiac disease in type I diabetes is approximately twenty-times higher than in the general population.

The removal of gluten has been a successful component in the treatment and prevention of autoimmune conditions. In addition, strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is a requirement in managing celiac disease.

Study Shows Improvement in Insulin Secretion Following A Gluten-free Diet

Autoimmune disorders occur 10 times more commonly in people with celiac disease than in the general population. One study examined whether a gluten-free diet could reduce autoimmunity in human preclinical type 1 diabetes.

Subjects in the study ate 6 months gluten-free, followed by 6 months of a normal diet containing gluten. Homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after the first 6 months of gluten deprivation decreased in 9 out of 14 participants. During the following 6-month period of a normal diet, HOMA-IR increased in 11 out of 13 subjects when tested at 6 month and 12 month intervals. Following the 6 months of a normal diet, one subject developed diabetes, and all of the others showed a decline of insulin secretion.

The study indicates that “removal of gluten from the diet over a period of 6 months cannot significantly influence the humoral autoimmune response in relatives at high risk for type 1 diabetes, but may have a beneficial effect on insulin secretion.”

What’s Your Trigger?

Remember that your genes don’t imply that certain medical conditions are your fate. You could be born with the voice of an angel, and if you don’t do anything to make it a career, you’ll never be a famous singer. It’s what you do with those genes that matter.
Prevention is always your best friend, and testing is one of the best tools you can use to determine whether your body is reacting to something in your environment.
For you it may be gluten, for another person it might be mold. But if you are on the autoimmune spectrum, it’s time to get serious and prevent future problems. Discover what your trigger is and eliminate it immediately.

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Coriolus Versicolor

Coriolus Versicolor, a remarkable mushroom, is esteemed for its potential to contribute to overall wellness. Known for its immune-supporting properties, Coriolus Versicolor may help strengthen the body’s natural defenses. This extraordinary mushroom has also been associated with promoting healthy energy levels, supporting digestion, and fostering vitality.

Fo Ti

Fo Ti, a revered Chinese herb also known as He Shou Wu, is valued for its potential to support overall wellness. Traditionally used for promoting vitality and longevity, Fo Ti may contribute to maintaining healthy energy levels, cognitive function, and immune system performance. This remarkable herb has also been associated with supporting liver and kidney health, as well as fostering a sense of overall balance

Agave

Agave, a versatile desert plant native to the Americas, is recognized for its potential to support overall wellness. Rich in natural fibers and low-glycemic sweeteners, Agave may contribute to maintaining healthy blood sugar levels, digestive health, and providing a natural alternative to refined sugars.

Maral Root

Maral Root, a potent adaptogenic herb native to Siberia, is celebrated for its potential to contribute to overall well-being. Known for helping the body manage stress and maintain balance, Maral Root may also promote healthy energy levels, endurance, and cognitive function. This exceptional herb has been associated with supporting the immune system, fostering vitality, and enhancing physical performance.

  • Antioxidant and DNA Repair Stimulating Effect of Extracts from Transformed and Normal Roots of Rhaponticum carthamoides against Induced Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in CHO Cells:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27034736/

NotoGinseng

NotoGinseng, a distinct variety of Panax ginseng native to the Changbai Mountains, is esteemed for its potential to contribute to overall well-being. Renowned for its adaptogenic properties, Noto Ginseng may help the body manage stress and maintain balance. This exceptional herb has been linked to supporting cognitive function, promoting healthy energy levels, and boosting immune system performance.

Baicalin

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Holy Basil

Holy Basil has been found to protect organs and tissues against chemical stress from industrial pollutants and heavy metals, and physical stress from prolonged physical exertion. It has also been shown to counter metabolic stress through normalization of blood glucose, blood pressure and lipid levels.

Ashwagandha

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Guarana

Guarana, a powerful plant, is celebrated for its potential to support overall wellness. Rich in natural caffeine, Guarana may help promote mental alertness, focus, and healthy energy levels. This remarkable plant has also been associated with supporting endurance and enhancing physical performance.

Catuaba

Catuaba, a potent herb, is appreciated for its potential to contribute to overall well-being. Known for its adaptogenic qualities, Catuaba may help the body cope with stress and maintain balance. This remarkable herb has also been associated with promoting mental alertness, healthy energy levels, and fostering a sense of vitality.

Reishi Mushroom

Reishi Mushroom, a highly-regarded fungus, is esteemed for its potential to enhance overall wellness. With adaptogenic properties, Reishi Mushroom may help the body manage stress and maintain balance. This extraordinary mushroom has also been linked to promoting immune system support, healthy energy levels, and fostering a sense of calm and relaxation.

Astragalus Root

Astragalus Root, a powerful herb, is respected for its potential to contribute to overall well-being. Renowned for its immune-supporting properties, Astragalus Root may help fortify the body’s natural defenses. Additionally, this remarkable root has been associated with promoting healthy energy levels, heart health, and supporting the body’s ability to adapt to stress.

Asian Licorice Root

Asian Licorice Root, a versatile herb, is valued for its potential to support overall wellness. Known for its adaptogenic properties, it may help the body cope with stress and maintain balance. This remarkable root has also been linked to promoting healthy digestion, respiratory function, and supporting the immune system.

American Ginseng

American Ginseng, a revered herb, is prized for its potential to contribute to overall well-being. With adaptogenic properties, it may assist the body in managing stress and maintaining harmony. American Ginseng has also been associated with promoting mental alertness, healthy energy levels, and supporting the immune system.

Rhodiola Rosea

Rhodiola Rosea, a robust herb, is admired for its potential to support overall wellness. As an adaptogen, Rhodiola Rosea may help the body cope with stress and maintain balance. This remarkable herb has been linked to promoting mental clarity, healthy energy levels, and increased endurance.

Peruvian Maca

Peruvian Maca, a nutrient-packed root, is celebrated for its potential to enhance overall well-being. Known for its adaptogenic qualities, Maca may help the body manage stress and maintain balance. This powerful root has also been associated with promoting healthy energy levels, endurance, and supporting hormonal balance.

Schisandra Fruit

Schisandra Fruit, a unique berry, is renowned for its potential to contribute to overall wellness. Boasting adaptogenic properties, it may help the body adapt to stress and maintain equilibrium. Schisandra Fruit has also been linked to promoting healthy energy levels, mental clarity, and supporting the body’s natural defense

Acai

Acai, a nutrient-dense berry, is recognized for its potential to enhance overall well-being. Rich in antioxidants, Acai may help support the body’s defenses against environmental stressors, while promoting healthy energy levels and vitality.

Himalayan Goji

Himalayan Goji, a nutrient-rich fruit, is valued for its potential contribution to overall wellness. This superfood is believed to support the immune system, promote healthy energy levels, and aid in maintaining balance within the body. With its antioxidant properties, Himalayan Goji may help protect cells from environmental stressors.

Gotu Kola

The main group of components in gotu kola is the triterpenes including asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic acid, and madecassic acid, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that are shown to positively influence brain plasticity which means a much sharper you.

  • Exhibits significant wound healing ability, Improves microcirculatory parameters, Sedative and anxiolytic properties, Antidepressant, Re-vitalize the brain and nervous system, increase attention span and concentration and combat aging: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3116297/

Water Hyssop

Best known as a neural tonic and memory enhancer this powerful herb increases cerebral blood flow and neurotransmitter modulation.

Green Tea Extract

Healthy energy producer and one of the more researched and promising supplements. It upregulates fat metabolism at rest and during exercise. In recent years the consumption of Green Tea Extract has shown to help prevent lifestyle diseases like cardiovascular disease because of it’s preventative effects on chronic inflammation.

  • Helps with weight loss by increasing a protein hormone which is involved in regulating glucose levels as well
    as fatty acid breakdown:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26093535/
  • Decrease cholesterol absorption and plasma levels, has strong free radical-scavenging
    activity inhibiting LDL oxidation, reduce the adhesion molecule expression, has antitrombotic activities by inhibiting platelet aggregation:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15969262/ 

Mikania Guaco

“Guaco” is Sun Horse Energy founder Dan Moriarty’s favorite herb, and the reason why he’s still alive. Traditionally, it’s a well-known herb for snake bites, scorpion stings and other venomous creatures. Guaco acts as a non-steroidal bronchodilator, meaning it opens up the airways without steroids. As a result of guaco opening up the airways, the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) are better able to accept oxygen transfer and get rid of carbon dioxide. In Brazil, Guaco syrup is one of the most popular herbal medicines used to treat the symptoms of asthmatic bronchitis, cough and hoarseness.


Osha Root

A traditional Native American herb, Osha is also known as “Bear Root”. Native Americans noticed that when bears emerged from hibernation, the first thing they did after being in a state of torpor for 4 months was not feast on salmon or drink water, but rather, dig up osha and eat it. Why? It decongests and wakes up the lungs. Native Americans who used Osha were able to run further, and treat their colds and congestion. Modern research studies suggest Osha may support the immune system by offering protective effects against oxidative damage.

I want to thank you for your existence. I want you to know that functional medicine has changed my life, well the life of my autistic son. So much so that I plan on taking the Functional Medicine Health Coach Certificate and work with my new friend who is now a Functional Medicine Doctor from the Institute of Functional Medicine and spread the word on GI testing and how finding the underlying issues will help eliminate autistic traits. 

I hope to be able to meet you one day so I can share this great news with others. Changing my son’s diet has changed him. Food is medicine!! By the way, I’m cooking my rutabaga. I’m Italian and never grew up with these. With love.

Rita Mastrangelo

I found you on YouTube a couple of weeks ago and I’m hooked. I listen to you a couple of hours every morning. I am being tested for celiac disease and have been gluten-free for a couple of weeks. Thank you for all of your insight.

April Renee

Just wanted to tell you that you’re amazing! You are helping so many people all over the world! Including me! Thank you so very much, Dr. Tom O’Bryan!

Patricia Puddle

Good morning Dr. Tom, Would just like to say thank you! This time last year I was going through a hell of a time with my gut. Terrible indigestion on a regular basis, feeling as if I had eaten a boulder and the tiredness was doing my heed (scottish for head) in! With two young girls being tired is not an option!

I went to the doctors on a number of occasions and they decided to prescribe omeprazole to mask the problem, sorry help my problem. I decided taking these drugs was not an option for me! So I started googling the life out of it!! Low and behold you started popping up!! Oh and Gluten intolerance! 

Your advice has been second to none! You have in my case really simplified what gluten does to my body and now that I have cut it out (which as it appears in lots of foods, some I can’t understand) I have found that my symptoms very quickly reduced and now I’m a year down the line they have gone for the vast majority of the time!! For that I’m truly grateful. I now follow you on YouTube and Instagram, which continues to educate me and the importance of gut health. I look forward to your future advice. Yours faithfully,

Gary Christie

Black Ant Extract

A Chinese medicine tonic, Black Ant is used to support energy levels. (In traditional Chinese medicine, Black Ant is given to increase vital Qi.) Research studies demonstrate that Black Ant supports the function of the thymus gland, which plays a crucial role in the immune system, producing and activating lymphocytes.

Siberian Ginseng

This well known adaptogen has been proven to reduce cardiovascular stress, lower and stabilize blood sugar to healthy levels, and encourages a more efficient lipid metabolism.

Pine Bark Extract

Many studies have shown that pine bark possesses anti-aging properties. It’s very similar in nature to the well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound, resveratrol, which is abundant in red wine and grapes. Pine bark has a proven beneficial effect on lipids, the cardiovascular and immune systems.

Lion's Mane

A very yummy and medicinal mushroom is a well established candidate for brain and nerve health because it triggers neurite outgrowth and regenerates damaged nerves. Lions Mane has been extensively studied for its neuro-health properties.

Nattokinase

This is an enzyme/protein that speeds up biochemical reactions and helps to prevent and dissolve the formations of blood clots (thrombi); addresses the problem of blood hyperviscosity, thereby preventing thick and sticky blood, which is not conducive to overall cardiovascular health.

Shatavari

Referred to as the women’s ultimate power herb, by some herbal enthusiasts. Used in India for at least 3,000 years, Shatavari, is structurally similar to estrogen produced within the body. Some researchers have concluded shatavari can be a highly effective alternative to synthetic hormone replacement therapy for peri- and menopausal women.

Chaste Tree Berry

Improve female libido, mitigate PMS, reproductive health

Horny Goat Weed

Increase para-sympathetic nervous activity, mitigate osteoporosis, improve libido, enhance smooth muscle tissue function

  • Treatment for erectile problems and nerve injuries in human patients:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3551978/
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Bulgarian Tribulus

Enhance athletic performance, improve circulation, improve sexual performance, more efficient rates of protein synthesis

Cordyceps

Cordyceps, a genus of mushroom, gained lots of attention after Chinese long-distance runners performed impressively at international competitions in the 1990s and early 2000s. Along with high-altitude training, supplementing with cordyceps was part of their intense training program. A research study concludes that cordyceps improves tolerance to high-intensity exercise after supplementation with it because the fungus is thought to increase blood flow, enhance oxygen utilization; it also acts as an antioxidant. It also has powerful anti-tumor properties, the ability to regulate the endocrine system, enhance your immune function, and protect the kidneys, lung, liver, and other organs.

  • Immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, promotion of endurance capacity, and learning-memory improvement, can be used to treat conditions such as hyposexuality, night sweats, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, asthenia, arrhythmias, and other heart, respiratory, renal and liver diseases: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924981/
  • Various pharmacological actions, including nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic effects:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4849494/

Ginkgo Biloba

In recent decades, an extract of the leaves of the tree Ginkgo biloba L. has been used to improve memory in disorders like Dementia disorders that affect memory and intellectual functioning, and are caused primarily by Alzheimer’s disease and vascular disorders.

  • Potent antioxidant properties and ability to enhance peripheral and cerebral circulation, ginkgo’s primary application lies in the treatment of cerebrovascular dysfunctions and peripheral vascular disorders:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11565403/
  • Experimental results showed extracts of G.Biloba to upregulate protein expressions of BDNF:
  • The effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive functions in aged female rats;
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Jiaogulan

Jiaogulan, a versatile herb, is celebrated for its potential to support overall well-being. Known for its adaptogenic properties, Jiaogulan may help the body cope with stress and maintain balance. This remarkable herb has also been associated with promoting healthy energy levels, boosting endurance, and fostering a sense of calm and relaxation.